Steel can reach after heat treatment hardness of up to 1,000. Most cutting tools are made from Tungsten Carbide. Material Groups Hardness Range Material Group HB HRC Steel (Annealed) 70-270 <28 Steel (Quenched and tempered) 270-350 29-38 Steel (Hardened) 350-750 39-68 Stainless Steel (Austenitic) 70-180 <10 Cast Iron 180-300 10-32 Aluminum 60-100 – Heat resistance superalloys (Inconel) 130-450 <46 Titanium 70-370 <40 Tungsten Carbide Above a certain threshold, it will become impossible to machine the material with a conventional carbide insert, and advanced materials such as Ceramics and CBN will be mandatory. From a certain hardness point, increasing the hardness further increases the wear and will either require you to reduce the cutting speed or settle for a lower tool-life. It is impossible to break chips below a certain hardness, and the raw material tends to stick on the cutting edge causing BUE. Raw MaterialsĪlthough counter-intuitive, it is not ideal to machine very soft material. It is the primary parameter to know for both the raw materials and the cutting materials. Hardness is one of the most critical parameters in any machining discussion.
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